Debugging is so difficult!!

I recently joined Amazon as an SDE but do not have Software experience, but have experience in ML and Data Science.

I find software work really confusing. Apart from asking for resources for how to do SDE work well (for someone who's a novice), one aspect I'm really struggling with is debugging.

For instance, when I have to find where particular files get saved, or when I have to add new code, I'm generally dealing with applications that involve several dozen packages, information (data) passes through hundreds of files (methods/functions), it takes me days or weeks at times to understand.

I recently started using the debugging feature in VSCode, it has helped me a little for sure. It's hard enough to set up packages locally and how to figure out which commands work for local runs (need suggestions on this too).

I've looked for debugging examples but wasn't able to find good examples online. I feel I need to visually observe how senior experienced engineers debug efficiently.

Would appreciate assistance on this!