Client vs. Server Side Rendering

Does anyone have a good intro post that goes into the nuances of server and client side rendering with examples?

It's my understanding for server side rendering, the backend builds up the entire HTML page in advance and sends that to the client to render. Client side simply sends requests to a backend for data which it will use to build the DOM tree. For example, a React app might ask for names and birthdays, then build a page to display some pretty HTML display of that. Server side would just ask for the HTMl to display.

Where I get caught up is a page being "dynamic" or where javascript comes into play. Could you have a server-side rendered page with some JS in it that alerts() the user when the click a button? Or reloads some small part of the page?